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                <text>Todd Jones</text>
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                <text>The photo and map I chose go hand in hand regarding Southie. The photo was taken at 55 West Broadway, and is the backside of the converted Catholic church I mentioned in my essay. When I first saw it, I couldn't believe what I was seeing, but I later looked it up when I got back to campus and found that it was true. The picture, in my opinion, represents an important aspect of the city, which I mentioned in my essay repeatedly — its high proportion of rented living. We have a standard example of that, but achieved through the creative means of converting it from a church. I wonder for the future of Southie, when housing expansion seems to be so needed that these are the steps taken to make more housing available. It also makes me wonder whether urban renewal might be looming in the neighborhood's future. The map shows the proportion of residents in Southie living in rented space — and with the overall neighborhood metric between 50 and 60%, it actually wasn't as drastic as I had pictured at first, yet still points to potential change in a way that a significantly lower number would not.</text>
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                <text>While visiting various restaurants and cafes along Meridian Street, I was surprised by how little English some of the owners spoke. Customers and employees would often speak in Spanish immediately upon entering. Hence, I chose a map that shows the percentage of Hispanic/ Latino populations in the region. Clearly, there is a significant population of Hispanics and Latinos, which explains the atmosphere of the restaurants and cafes. However, right outside one such shop on Maverick Street was a signpost saying James V. McLaughlin Square. If you look closely, you will notice a small USA flag fluttering in the wind right below the sign. This is notable as it makes the observer wonder whether this flag was put up by the authorities or by local Hispanic/Latino immigrants to illustrate their respect and loyalty towards the United States of America.  News articles have recently covered the negative attitude of some Americans toward immigrants who do not speak English so it was a pleasant surprise to walk out of restaurants in which everyone was speaking Spanish and see the flag, as it was a possible indicator of a more accepting and welcoming culture of the neighborhood in which immigrants merge the American flag and its values with their own lives. </text>
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                <text>The map above shows the distribution of renters in the South End, and the picture on the next page is a warning sign in an alley along the border of Villa Victoria and Tremont Street. The map most notably shows two neighborhood blocks – one northwest of Villa Victoria on Tremont that contains the most homeowners, an indicator of rootedness to the area, and the other in the northeast corner that has the most renters, an indicator of transience. Villa Victoria is in between both geographically and in percent of renters. This speaks to the economic and residential segregation of the South End by neighborhood. With an understanding of the ethnic make-up of the neighborhood, this map depicts three communities – white, Asian, and Latino. The picture of the warning sign is emblematic of the “this is mine, that’s yours” attitude thatplagues the area. At the border of the homeowner’s block and Villa Victoria, it stands as a&#13;
warning not to overstep the bounds clearly defined and embodied by Tremont Street. The array&#13;
of heavy-duty locks furthers the same implication. The fact that it has a Spanish translation&#13;
indicates unmistakably to whom the message is directed. Contrasted with other signs throughout&#13;
the South End in Chinese and English, the inclusion of translation here speaks to the nature of&#13;
dialogue between social and ethnic groups in the South End.</text>
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                <text>On the corner of Green Street and Bunker Hill Street in Charlestown there exists a convenience store that predominately sells Goya products and junk food. The convenience store is directly across from a public housing complex. The image shown below is of that corner store. Hanging above the entrance is a sign advertising that the store sells lottery tickets and money orders, has an ATM and accepts WIC, a supplemental nutritional program for low-income women and children. On the left side of the store is a mother pushing her young child in a stroller. This picture represents the conflicting realities that exist within Charlestown. On one hand, there are the rapidly gentrifying areas populated by young white professional. On the other hand, there exists a portion of Charlestown that is mainly populated by Black and Latino individuals of a lower socio-economic status. I found the housing segregation that exists within Charlestown to be striking. &#13;
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The map displayed below is of 2010 Census data showing the percent of the Charlestown population that is white. From this map it is clear that in many areas of Charlestown, the percent of white individuals is over 83%. However, in the area of Charlestown where I took the image the percent of white individuals is less than 15%.</text>
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                <text>I took this photo at the corner of Gove St. and Chelsea St. Some mild “broken windows” indicators are visible: less well-maintained or vacant buildings and streets, dusty sidewalks and small pieces of litter. But the neighborhood works for its residents: they have salons with local flavor, children and pedestrians can walk freely about, and cars are parked freely. (The school bus in the background especially suggests the presence of children, and we can see a child and adult near the entrance of the salon.) The map shows the level of “physical disorder,” which encompasses many classic “broken windows” indicators (see Boston Research Map for details). It’s relatively elevated for East Boston, yet the neighborhood appears to function quite well for its residents.</text>
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                <text>This is a photograph of refuse on the side of the road.  It contradicts my original assumptions about the neighborhood.  While I expected to find a high concentration of establishments that sell liquor, instead I found a diverse set of retail options.  Here, specifically, further expecting to see empty alcohol containers as trash on the street, I instead documented the water bottle as litter - something I encountered over and over again.  </text>
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                <text>Although East Boston remains one of the last neighborhoods in Boston that is relatively affordable, it is experiencing becoming demographically diverse. Some more desirable neighborhoods like Jefferies Point are being redeveloped with newer, more high-end apartments. As a result these neighborhoods are being filled by small upper middle class families. Less desirable neighborhoods like Eagle Hill become incredibly dense as the people pushed out of the southern waterfront land are crammed up into the northern half of East Boston. To explore this shifting density, I decided to count the number of names per mailbox address. This gave me a better idea of the actual number of people living in an apartment then more formal census data might. My map shows three small groups of houses (one in Eagle Hill, one in Jefferies point, and one near Constitution Beach) and their various densities. Through this data I can start to guess where change is happening in East Boston, and how its changing what a resident of Eastie looks like. My photograph is of two seemingly young working professionals walking in the Constitution Park greenway. Urban renewal projects like the beach have been part of the reason why East Boston is becoming a desirable place for younger, wealthier, smaller families.</text>
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                <text>The map I created on Social Explorer describes the population in South Boston who are unemployed, with the darker areas being the higher concentrations of unemployment. The area to the left of the map is the South End and Dorchester area, which show much higher rates of unemployment. As you can see from the map, the level of unemployment is not especially high in South Boston, except for the one block extending from West Broadway to West 7th Street and B Street to D Street. I chose to use unemployment rates to analyze the map because it is the closest identifying marker to business that I could find. One can imagine that if shops are going out of business, or if the stores are under staffed and financially unstable, they will not be able to hire any employees, and this may lead to higher unemployment rates in the area. Unemployment also does not consider jobs that will pay under the table and may be illegal, which is why I wanted to use this measure to read the map. In the past the neighborhood has been associated with a criminal image, and if this were still the case, the unemployment rate would reflect that. The picture I chose to use reflects the identifier that I used for my research, and it also shows the deterioration of South Boston’s previous image. The storefront still looks neat, and the only thing that is wrong with the otherwise quite nice signage is the single letter that has fallen off. It seemed to me that it was almost a symbol of how the area still shows some signs of disorder, but on the whole is tidy, welcoming, and moving towards a brighter future.</text>
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                <text>During my walk, I also noticed the unequal distribution of stationed police cars. In a conversation with representatives from the District 4 Boston Police Station, I was informed that parked police cars could be physical indicators – a parallel to the “abandoned cars” indicator in the Broken Window Theory. Police cars, like street lamps or mailboxes, are fixed in position: each is assigned a specific parking spot to station throughout the day and night, even if the policemen inside change shifts. A representative at the police department stated, “these cars are static. They are different from other police vehicles used for arrests, backup and such”.  I found that there was a larger police car presence around the police station (red dot), but also in parts of the area where I found fewer recycled bins and underprivileged communities. I turned back to the resources available online to confirm that the area with fewer resources and a higher police presence was populated by communities ‘below poverty’. </text>
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                <text>This photograph shows an overhead bridge connecting the Charlestown Community Center to a building on the opposite side of Medford Street. The overpass is right behind the projects in Charlestown, which have now been squeezed into the Northern-most section of the neighborhood. The structure was interesting because of the use of the multicolored stained glass panels. It reminded me about discussions about the impact of art in public spaces. Does the addition of color uplift, or inspire particular behavior? The overpass was well lit at night, and provided a cheerful break from the dark, brick-lined, upward sloping streets of Charlestown, which I found claustrophobic. &#13;
&#13;
The indicator I recorded was the number of people on the street. Despite the fact that it was not very late, there was almost nobody walking on the street. Each red dot on the map is a single person. For most of my walk, I was the only person on the street. I took this indicator as symptomatic of a lack of a sense of community and safety: another effect of gentrification. </text>
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