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                <text>The map shows that although there are segmented racial neighborhoods within South End, the association of social disorder and crime is not perfectly correlated with the presence of minorities. Overlaying the crime map with the race by census block map for percent white, we can see that at least one block that is over 60% white experienced the second highest level of crime, while one block that was less than 15% white experienced the lowest level of crime. This map, in comparison with the maps showing race, suggest that crime in Boston is probably dependent upon not just racial factors. The picture, in turn, was taken at a red-brick townhouse complex in a low-crime area near the intersection of W. Dedham Street and Washington Street, highlighting how this fixture of neighborhood safety has become an ornament, for appearance more than function.</text>
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                <text>The map that I’ve created is based off of a phenomenon that I noticed while walking around the South End: although the neighborhood is fairly diverse economically and racially, the transit users that I observed were overwhelmingly low-to-moderate-income people of color. Because of the diversion of the MBTA’s Orange Line into the Southwest Corridor in 1987, residents of the South End mainly have to rely on bus service to reach jobs downtown (although those on the western edge of the neighborhood can reach Mass Ave, Back Bay, and Prudential stations fairly easily). I was interested to see how convenient these vital transit links are to the neighborhood’s low income residents, so I mapped the frequent bus routes that run through the area – the 1, 8, 9, 10, 43, 47, and SL4 and SL5 – and overlaid them with the South End’s subsidized housing. As can be seen in the resulting map, the neighborhood’s low-income residents have fairly excellent access to high-frequency transit. The concentration of subsidized units along Tremont Street gives those residents easy access to the 43 bus that runs between Ruggles and Park Street, while those that live between Tremont and Washington have their choice of the 43 or the Silver Line. Although they’re farther away from these bus lines, residents of the affordable units along Columbus Avenue are within easy walking distance of the rapid transit stations along the Orange Line and Green Line “E” Branch. Overall, low-income residents of the South End have much better access to transit than many other such areas in Boston, which I was surprised by.&#13;
&#13;
My photo submission, on the other hand, depicts a phenomenon that I found emblematic of the South End’s urban design – the “public alley.” Although public alleys can be found throughout Boston (such as in the Back Bay), those in the South End have a distinct character because of the unique arrangement of the neighborhood’s gridded blocks. Quiet and secluded, the alleys are surrounded on almost all sides by the backs of the buildings that they flank. The majestic South End rowhouses, without the grand facades that they project onto the streets, look rather dismal with their bare brick and fire escapes visible. I was struck by how many different ways these alleys are now used by the South End’s residents- not only do they serve to keep dumpsters, telephone wires, and other unsightly (but necessary) pieces of urban infrastructure off of the neighborhood’s pristine streets; they also provide space for residential parking, community gardens, and even some private terraces on the backs of homes. I saw more than one family sitting out and enjoying the weather on the pleasant day I was there.&#13;
Although I didn’t realize it at the time I took the photo, this specific location is particularly emblematic of the South End’s development in the last few years because it depicts the Concord Baptist Church. According to a Boston.com article from 2010, the church was once a mainstay of the South End’s Black community, and was frequented by Martin Luther King Jr. during his time at Boston University. Now, however, the church congregation has moved out to Milton, and their old building is being converted into eight luxury condo units (in the price range of $1.35-$6.09 million). In short, what was once a major community institution for the city’s people of color is becoming an expensive home for a handful of millionaires.</text>
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                <text>While visiting various restaurants and cafes along Meridian Street, I was surprised by how little English some of the owners spoke. Customers and employees would often speak in Spanish immediately upon entering. Hence, I chose a map that shows the percentage of Hispanic/ Latino populations in the region. Clearly, there is a significant population of Hispanics and Latinos, which explains the atmosphere of the restaurants and cafes. However, right outside one such shop on Maverick Street was a signpost saying James V. McLaughlin Square. If you look closely, you will notice a small USA flag fluttering in the wind right below the sign. This is notable as it makes the observer wonder whether this flag was put up by the authorities or by local Hispanic/Latino immigrants to illustrate their respect and loyalty towards the United States of America.  News articles have recently covered the negative attitude of some Americans toward immigrants who do not speak English so it was a pleasant surprise to walk out of restaurants in which everyone was speaking Spanish and see the flag, as it was a possible indicator of a more accepting and welcoming culture of the neighborhood in which immigrants merge the American flag and its values with their own lives. </text>
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                <text>The photograph of a trash pile on the sidewalk expresses at least two things. First, litter has a large presence in East Boston. The sidewalk has many scraps, cigarette butts, and stray alcohol containers. Second, the litter is ordered in subtle ways – in the picture it is clear that someone has swept or gathered the litter together. Disorder and order interact. The map that I’ve included shows rental rates in East Boston, Charlestown, and Downtown Boston. From it one can see how Charlestown and East Boston are much cheaper to live than Downtown Boston, but that rates in parts of Charlestown have begun to creep up. Apparently this is not the case with East Boston yet.</text>
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                <text>Map: This map is one which I created after my visit to South Boston. The green plus signs are spots where I saw people wearing Red Sox baseball caps. The notes, which appear here as yellow squares, indicate people I saw wearing apparel from other Boston professional sports teams, namely three people in Patriots hats, a man in a Bruins shirt, and a man in a Celtics hoodie. The yellow line shows the route which I walked on my visit.&#13;
&#13;
Photo: This photo shows the side of the building of Al's Liquor Store which I describe in my essay. This business is clearly very proud to be an Irish establishment in a strong Irish neighborhood. What is interesting is directly across the street from Al's, there is an invasion of new, pristine, and identical houses which cut through this image of the rough and tumble, working class Irish Southie. This is an instance when the quintessential Southie and what it could be becoming could be seen side by side, which was very striking.</text>
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                <text>This is a photograph of refuse on the side of the road.  It contradicts my original assumptions about the neighborhood.  While I expected to find a high concentration of establishments that sell liquor, instead I found a diverse set of retail options.  Here, specifically, further expecting to see empty alcohol containers as trash on the street, I instead documented the water bottle as litter - something I encountered over and over again.  </text>
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                <text>My picture is of a Visitor's Parking sign on Dorchester Avenue. It captures the segregation between the residents and the visitors in South Boston as well as the lack of tourism in this area (nobody is parked in the visitor's parking spots). Finally, the industrial shop on the right of the sign captures the working-class jobs that are based in South Boston.</text>
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                <text>Two things that were interesting to me as I walked through East Boston were the murals and the ethnic eateries. I only noted a few Chinese or Vietnamese restaurants, and so when I returned from my visit I decided to get a better grasp of the ethnic makeup of the neighborhood. Basically, my map showed a surprisingly low percent population of Asians. Frankly, the figures I found, between zero to fifteen percent of the population in most parts of East Boston, gelled well with the frequency of Chinese or Vietnamese eateries that I witnessed; still, for some reason, I expected them to make up a larger percent of the population. My photo is a mural from the community garden I observed; it shows a can of spray-paint assisting in gardening tasks. It’s a self-conscious critique of graffiti; even the tool of graffiti is contributing to the community, even the graffiti itself is contributing to the community. I thought it showed a clever awareness of the dangers a community might face from its own members, and an equally clever way of combatting these dangers.</text>
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                <text>My map shows us the varying economic statuses of the part of Charlestown I explored, and, as I explained, the amount of decorations in the different parts of Charlestown reflects the divides in economic status we see on my map screenshot. My picture shows an example of the more decorated part of the neighborhood on High Street, where three houses in a row have pumpkins in front!</text>
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                <text>PHOTO COMMENTS:&#13;
The image shows the intersection of Lexington Street and Bunker Hill Street. Left of the Bunker Hill Street (of this view) are condominiums of wood siding exterior walls and high rental prices. To the right are the Bunker Hill Housing Projects, made of brick. The Bunker Hill Street seems to be a dividing line for two different worlds. White residents predominantly live in the condominiums, and Hispanic, Black, and Asian residents predominantly reside in the housing projects. There is a great dichotomy of rental prices of the buildings, household income, demographics, physical disorder, and private neglect between these areas. This picture captures two contrasting neighborhoods that share a street (Bunker Hill Street) and serve differing perceptions for outsiders and residents. &#13;
&#13;
MAP COMMENTS:&#13;
My map is of Charlestown, with a focus on the Lexington Street, Monument Street, Bunker Hill Street, O’Reilly Way neighborhoods. The red dots represent location of litter in the areas. Lexington Street and Monument Street (leading up to Bunker Hill Street) had little to no litter at the beginning of the streets. However, closer to Bunker Hill Street, greater amounts of litter were visible. Litter lined the sidewalks and streets in the Bunker Hill Housing Projects of O’Reilly Way. This confirms the greater physical disorder in the project housing areas compared to the more upscale neighborhoods around them. A greater amount of litter shows that each of housing project residents may feel little to no responsibility to look after a space that requires a collective effort from the community. </text>
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